HTTP Error Codes and Their Meaning

HTTP Error Codes and Their Meaning

        While surfing the net we always get some HTTP Errors. These Error codes are crucial for troubleshooting various issues. You can see these error codes in various logs. If you can interpret the correct meaning of the http error code, you can decide the places to look at for resolving this issue.

       So here are they. All the error codes with their meaning. Hope this will help a lot many of you.

       The client should be prepared to receive one or more 1xx responses before receiving a regular response.   

• 100 - Continue. 
• 101 - Switching protocols.

2xx - Success

This class of status codes indicates that the server successfully accepted the client request.
 

• 200 - OK. The client request has succeeded.
• 201 - Created.
• 202 - Accepted.
• 203 - Non-authoritative information.
• 204 - No content.
• 205 - Reset content.
• 206 - Partial content.
• 207 - Multi-Status (WebDay).

3xx - Redirection

The client browser must take more action to fulfill the request. For example, the browser may have to request a different page on the server or repeat the request by using a proxy server.

• 301 - Moved Permanently
• 302 - Object moved.
• 304 - Not modified.
• 307 - Temporary redirect.

4xx - Client Error

An error occurs, and the client appears to be at fault. For example, the client may request a page that does not exist, or the client may not provide valid authentication information.

400 - Bad request.
401 - Access denied. IIS defines several different 401 errors that indicate a more specific cause of the error. These specific error codes are displayed in the browser but are not displayed in the IIS log:

• 401.1 - Logon failed.
• 401.2 - Logon failed due to server configuration.
• 401.3 - Unauthorized due to ACL on resource.
• 401.4 - Authorization failed by filter.
• 401.5 - Authorization failed by ISAPI/CGI application.
• 401.7 – Access denied by URL authorization policy on the Web server. This error code is specific to IIS 6.0.

403 - Forbidden. IIS defines several different 403 errors that indicate a more specific cause of the error:

• 403.1 - Execute access forbidden.
• 403.2 - Read access forbidden.
• 403.3 - Write access forbidden.
• 403.4 - SSL required.
• 403.5 - SSL 128 required.
• 403.6 - IP address rejected.
• 403.7 - Client certificate required.
• 403.8 - Site access denied.
• 403.9 - Too many users.
• 403.10 - Invalid configuration.
• 403.11 - Password change.403.12 - Mapper denied access.
• 403.13 - Client certificate revoked.
• 403.14 - Directory listing denied.
• 403.15 - Client Access Licenses exceeded.
• 403.16 - Client certificate is untrusted or invalid.
• 403.17 - Client certificate has expired or is not yet valid.
• 403.18 - Cannot execute requested URL in the current application pool. This error code is specific to IIS 6.0.
• 403.19 - Cannot execute CGIs for the client in this application pool. This error code is specific to IIS 6.0.
• 403.20 - Passport logon failed. This error code is specific to IIS 6.0.

404 - Not found.

• 404.0 - (None) – File or directory not found.
• 404.1 - Web site not accessible on the requested port.
• 404.2 - Web service extension lockdown policy prevents this request.
• 404.3 - MIME map policy prevents this request.
• 405 - HTTP verb used to access this page is not allowed (method not allowed.)
• 406 - Client browser does not accept the MIME type of the requested page.
• 407 - Proxy authentication required.
• 412 - Precondition failed.
• 413 – Request entity too large.
• 414 - Request-URI too long.
• 415 – Unsupported media type.
• 416 – Requested range not satisfiable.
• 417 – Execution failed.
• 423 – Locked error.

5xx - Server Error

The server cannot complete the request because it encounters an error.
 
500 - Internal server error.

• 500.12 - Application is busy restarting on the Web server.
• 500.13 - Web server is too busy.
• 500.15 - Direct requests for Global.asa are not allowed.
• 500.16 – UNC authorization credentials incorrect. This error code is specific to IIS 6.0.
• 500.18 – URL authorization store cannot be opened. This error code is specific to IIS 6.0.
• 500.19 - Data for this file is configured improperly in the metabase.
• 500.100 - Internal ASP error.

• 501 - Header values specify a configuration that is not implemented.
• 502 - Web server received an invalid response while acting as a gateway or proxy.
• 502.1 - CGI application timeout.
• 502.2 - Error in CGI application.
• 503 - Service unavailable. This error code is specific to IIS 6.0.
• 504 - Gateway timeout.
• 505 - HTTP version not supported.

Read More

What are Pen Flicks in a Touch screen Laptop

What are Pen Flicks in a Touch screen Laptop

I think the reason people love touch screens is because of how natural the hand gestures feel. For example, to scroll down a document, it feels better to just swipe down instead of pressing a little arrow key. If you’re looking to bring some of these intuitive gestures to your Windows computer, then might I humbly recommend that you enable Pen flicks.

To utilize pen flicks, your computer must be touch screen, or your laptop’s trackpad must support gestures. If you have a graphics tablet, then that will also allow pen flicks as well.

Begin by pressing the Start button, and selecting Control Panel.

Select the Classic view, and double click Pen and Input Devices.




Now choose the Flicks tab, and check the box labeled Use flicks to perform common actions quickly and easily.




Now you have two options: the navigation flicks, or the navigational flicks with editing. I personally prefer the latter, as it allows me to copy and paste with ease. Choose the option that best suits you, and of course, you can always change this setting.

If you select Customize, you can hand select what action a flick in a certain direction will perform. If you’d like to add a custom keyboard shortcut, just select the add option. For example. I made it so that a downward flick will close the program using the keyboard shortcut Alt+F4.




Finally, one last setting I’d like to bring to your attention is the flick sensitivity. If you find that you have to repeat a gesture several times before Windows recognizes it, then you should make the sensitivity more relaxed. However, if you find gestures are occurring by accident, than you should move the slider to the precise setting.




I hope this setting makes your computer feel a little bit more natural. Enjoy!

Read More

What is 32 Bit and 64 Bit - Explained

What is 32 Bit and 64 Bit - Explained

In one context, 32-bit and 64-bit refers to how a CPU (computer processor) handles information. These terms also indicate the number of bits that comprise a single data element (for example, a pixel in an image). In that case, when dealing with resource hogging data like images, audio, or video, there is a distinct advantage to a 64-bit system. However, when writing emails or text documents, the benefits of 64-bit may be less apparent.

What is a bit?

A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of digital information, represented by either 0 or 1. Arranging a series of bits in sequence creates a binary math language that the processing chips can understand. As a result, CPUs are identified by their ability to process these sequences (32-bit or 64-bit). Eight consecutive bits in such a sequence equals a byte (short for binary term). Large numbers of bytes are then combined to create kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, etc.

Not confusing enough?

The terms, 32-bit and 64-bit indicate the width of the registers, which are storage areas within the computer. The registers can contain either the address location in the computer memory where data is stored, or the data itself. All computer data is processed using information represented in these registers.

Each instruction (the most basic computer command) can process the number of bits indicated in the registers. So, a 64-bit machine processes a 64-bit width register with each instruction. Likewise, a 32-bit machine processes a 32-bit width register per instruction. While it would seem that a 64-bit processor would naturally be faster, the number of instructions executed per cycle (the fundamental unit of time measurement in a device) indicates actual processing speed, so that may not always be the case.

It’s the combination of hardware and software elements which make up the computer architecture that determines processing speed. This will be discussed in part two of this series, where we’ll take a more in-depth look at processors, memory, and how hardware and software interact to improve (or–if not correctly balanced–reduce) overall performance.

Speed

Processing speed, referred to as clock speed, is generally measured in megahertz (MHz) which amounts to one million cycles per second, or gigahertz (GHz) equaling one billion cycles per second.

A computer’s architecture is a significant contributor to that processing speed, so CPUs (computer processors) with the same clock speed may not perform functions at the same rate. While a fixed number of clock cycles is required for each command (instruction), a faster clock will execute more instructions per second, and the machine will perform those instructions more quickly.

However, clock cycles (or clock ticks), like so many other terms in this bewildering lexicon jungle, is a term with multiple meanings. On one hand, a clock cycle is as described above, the relative speed of a processor, but it also refers to the internal system clock, which always runs at 66 MHz (66 million clock ticks per second). So, more powerful CPUs can execute instructions more rapidly than their less sophisticated counterparts, while still displaying the same number of units per cycle.

Memory

While the clock speed of the CPU is the primary indicator of processing capability, RAM (Random-Access Memory) also plays a significant role in performance. When a CPU requests information from the hard drive, it’s put into RAM, where it can be accessed with greater efficiency. But, if the memory (RAM) isn’t sufficient, the information may have to be returned to the hard drive before the next request can be answered, thereby slowing overall performance.

Hardware and Software

Hardware and drivers (the software that controls the hardware) must match the device’s system type, and this should be a primary consideration when upgrading a 32-bit system.

What all this means is that, with each operation, 64-bit processors can handle bundles of information that are twice the size of those processed by 32-bit systems, and the speed at which these bundles are delivered is determined by the overall balance of system resources (RAM, processors, etc.). In researching this article, I was directed to an analogy of a two lane highway that had been converted to a four lane highway to relieve bottlenecks. But, while that’s a good comparison, the benefit is more than just a method of efficiently moving traffic. 64-bit is not just an increased amount of data per bundle, it’s also higher quality data, as images, audio, and video files comprised of 64-bit elements are richer, with more depth and texture, than those made up of 32-bit elements.

The next and final part of this article, How to Determine if a System is 64-Bit Capable, will explain how to tell whether a system is 32-bit or 64-bit, and whether upgrades are possible (or practical).

I hope this has been as enlightening to read as it was to write.

Read More

Almost Everything You Need to Know About DHCP

Almost Everything You Need to Know About DHCP

This article will help you to learn everything that you need to know as a systems administrator (or SysAdmin) about this protocol and what can you do with it.

What's DHCP? And why it's recommended to use it? Imagine that you're working as a SysAdmin for a large company with 500 desktop computers; you need to set to each desktop computer IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and other network settings. How could you do that?

If you'll try to perform this task manually you're probably going to waste a lot of time on sitting on each computer 5-10 minutes, beside time, you can for example accidentally enter wrong IP address to few clients, or to type the same IP address to few clients too.

In order to solve these "problems" you can use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (or DHCP) in your network.

DHCP allows you  to manage the networks' IP addresses scopes and other TCP/IP settings like DNS, Default Gateway, etc. from central place, this central place called DHCP server. Beside the management, if there's any problem you don't need to run between your clients, you just need to connect to your server and to check the DHCP settings, as I mentioned – the DHCP works from central place, so if there's a problem, it's probably from the server, so you know where to go in case of problem and your saving time.

The DHCP server can provide easily IP addresses to clients automatically so you don't even need to configure and set options in the client side, all you need is to setup DHCP server, configure scope options and some other TCP/IP settings in the server side and that's it. You can provide to your clients IP addresses from the selected range that you've configured and some other TCP/IP options.

Note: DHCP in my opinion can be called "The next generation of BOOTP", because the BOOTP came first before the DHCP, and today we're using BOOTP in order to deploy operating systems by booting from the network. Beside this, DHCP was developed in order to support in large networks – something that BOOTP can't provide.

How DHCP works?

Without entering to the related technical information (DORA process) the DHCP client request from the DHCP server IP address for a while, the length of time that the DHCP client can use the dynamic IP address that the DHCP server provided can be called lease, just like the name: lease means that the client "rent" an IP address for a specific time from the DHCP server, if the client wants to continue using the specific IP address the client needs to re-assign the address by renew the lease, this will happen before the expiration time of the lease if the client is still in the network.

More in depth, the DHCP service works by using the DORA (Discover, Offer, Request and Acknowledgment) process (you can trace on the whole process using a network monitor utility):

1. DHCPDISCOVER – The client broadcast a DHCPDISCOVER packet in order to locate a DHCP server in the network, in some cases that the DHCP server isn't in the same subnet of the client, you'll need to configure in your network devices (usually routers) a DHCP Relay Agent, in order to transfer the DHCPDISCOVER packet to the DHCP server.
2. DHCPOFFER – The DHCP server broadcast a DHCPOFFER packet to the client which includes an offer to use a unique IP address for the client.
3. DHCPREQUEST – The client broadcast a DHCPREQUEST packet to the DHCP server with an answer, and "asks" from the server to "rent" the unique address that the server offer to her.
4. DHCPACK – The DHCP server broadcast a DHCPACK packet to the client, in this packet the server acknowledge the request from the client to use the IP address, and provide to the client the IP address lease and other details such as DNS servers, default gateway, etc. if the server cannot provide the requested IP address or from some reasons the address is not valid the server sends DHCPNACK packet in stand of DHCPACK, more information about DHCPNACK is under the specific subject – DHCPNACK.

Note: DHCP service uses port 67/UDP in the DHCP server, and 68/UDP at the DHCP clients.

It's recommended to check that your firewall doesn't block these ports in order to able the DHCP server and clients to communicate, and also check that your network devices supports DHCP Relay Agent in case that some of your clients are in different physical subnet.

In some cases you'll notice another DHCP messages like these:

1. DHCPDECLINE – If the client recognizes that the IP address that the DHCP server offer to her in use, the client will generate a new request to another IP address (in the DHCPREQUEST step).
2. DHCPRELEASE – This message is commonly in use when the client "give up" and release IP address.
3. DHCPRENEW – This is the request packet to renew and continue "renting" the IP address lease.
4. DHCPINFORM – The DHCPINFORM is packet that the client send to the DHCP server in order to get more details from the server, for example DHCPINFORM can be send in order to locate another DHCP servers in the network.

DHCPNACK

The DHCPNACK or Negative Acknowledgment is a packet that the server sends if the IP address is not available in stand of DHCPACK (in use on other client for example) or the address is no longer valid.

In case of DHCPNACK the client must restart the lease process in order to get an IP address.

DHCP Scopes, Exclude and Reservation

DHCP Scope is a range of IP addresses that you configure in your DHCP server as range of addresses that designed for distribution to the clients.

For example, if you set a scope with a range from 10.0.0.100-10.0.0.200, you can easily provide only from this range IP addresses to your clients.

You can also create more than one scope, but it's recommended to check that your scopes aren't duplicating one with each other's. At the scope creation process you can add some more TCP/IP parameters such as subnet mask, IP addresses lease time, router (default gateway), DNS servers, etc. so when the clients gets the IP addresses they'll get also the other parameters from the scope.

In some cases, you'll need to prevent the client using some addresses, for example if your scope is from 10.0.0.1 up to 10.0.0.100, and your servers using 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.10, you can exclude these IP addresses from the scope and exclude the DHCP to distribute them to the clients, in most of the DHCP servers this option called exclude.

Reservation is a great option if you're planning to provide specific dynamic IP address from the DHCP server to unique DHCP client. If for example in the 10.0.0.1-10.0.0.100 scope you want to provide for specific client a unique address that will be always of the client, you can easily set reservation for the client using a unique identifier – the MAC address, the MAC of Media Access Control is a unique hexadecimal physical address for network adapters.

DHCP & DNS

When you're installing DHCP server you can configure the DHCP server to set DNS updates to any DNS server that support dynamic updates. More information about the combination between DHCP and DNS you can find right here.

Active Directory & DHCP Servers

In Microsoft Windows Server with Active Directory you need to authorize your server in order to work with the DHCP service.

In the past you could install few DHCP servers – as you wish, this action occurs problems like server crashing, etc.

In the new Windows 2000 Server/Server 2003/2008 you must authorize your server in order to start the DHCP server, if there's an authorized DHCP server in the Active Directory environment and a non-authorized server trying to start the DHCP service in order to distribute IP address, the server will failed in this task and the DHCP service in the local computer will stop.

DHCP Relay Agent

DHCP Relay Agent is any kind of host (usually a router or server) that listen to DHCP/BOOTP broadcast from clients on subnets without local DHCP servers.

The DHCP Relay Agent forwards the packets from the clients and the DHCP server that sitting on different physical subnets to each other in order to supply 'connection' between the DHCP Server to the clients, and opposite (from the clients to the server).

In conclusion

DHCP is a critical "must have" network service because using DHCP helps you, as a System/Network Administrator, to manage you clients by assigning, tracking and re-assigning IP addresses.

Netanel Ben-Shushan is an IT Consultant & Trainer from Israel, who works mainly with Microsoft infrastructures, networking and information security systems. He's the creator of www.ben-shushan.net, a personal website in Hebrew with technical guides, articles, tips and tricks from the IT field.

Read More

What is Blackboard

What is Blackboard

When I say “Blackboard,” you probably imagine the big green slate-looking thing hanging on the wall in first grade -and you’d be right. But I’m not talking about that board here, I’m talking about the sophisticated software system used in more than half of all online and distance education courses.

If you’re one of the millions of students faced with taking a class through distance education, here’s the skinny on Blackboard.

What is it ?

Blackboard is a course management system (CMS) used by many educational institutions. It has all sorts of cool bells and whistles such as an electronic file exchange system called the digital drop box and an integrated chat feature. Think Facebook, but for school—and without the extensive social networking! Think Target’s online shopping website with all of the pictures and information about products. Blackboard is a one-stop-fits-all for school: it holds content, including graphics and video, an interactive gradebook and access to discussion forums. In short, Blackboard is your entire class wrapped into an attractive electronic file.

Who Uses it?

This probably sounds all well and good, but what’s the point? Who’s actually going to use this stuff?

If you’re like me (and half of the other population on this planet), you’re so busy. In order to attract your business, colleges and universities (and K-12, you may be surprised to learn) have developed online classes in order to provide educational access to those overscheduled human beings like you and me. Using Blackboard allows instructors to provide all of a course’s materials in an organized, somewhat attractive appearance. Take this World Literature 1 class for example:

All of the class materials are available to the student in an easy-to-access manner. I mean, who wouldn’t want to learn about Shakespeare from pictures and audio files?

Other Options

As cool as it seems, Blackboard is not one-of-a-kind. There are many CMS’s: the late WebCT (cannibalized by Blackboard), the fading Angel (being cannibalized by Blackboard), Jenzabar (ignored by Blackboard), the open-source Sakai, and the open-source emerging winner Moodle. Each of these systems provide access to content in much the same way as Blackboard.

Read More

What hot swappable means?

What "hot swappable" means?

In this day and age, it's very important for computers and other electronic devices to be as user friendly as possible and with that, more and more devices are being made with hot swappable capabilities. Basically, a hot swappable device is one that can be added or removed from a computer without having to reboot. USB devices are probably the most well known for being hot swappable, but there are several others as well.

Let's take a USB flash drive as an example. Most flash drives already have all the software they need built right in to them, so when you plug a flash drive into one of your USB ports, your computer is able to automatically recognize it as new hardware. In addition, you're able to start working with the flash drive right away, without having to download any software or drivers. All in all, if a device is able to begin functioning immediately after you plug it into your computer, it is considered to be hot swappable.

Like I said earlier, there are several hot swappable items on the market today. There are flash drives, printers, digital cameras, scanners, Webcams, microphones and many, many more. The hot swappable functionality is beneficial in that it allows you to work much faster without interruptions and with ease. I mean, if you had to restart your computer every time you wanted to use a new device, you'd be wasting a lot of time and you'd probably become very frustrated. I know I would!

You can also use most hot swappable devices on other computers. For instance, if you have more than one computer in your home, you can use your flash drive on both PCs without any trouble. All hot swappable devices work exactly the same in that no matter which computer you use, they will always work for you automatically. And if you really think about it, that saves you some money as well, because you don't have to go out and buy new hardware for every computer you use. Many businesses use hot swappable items as well.

So, if you're looking to buy a new flash drive or printer, etc., check it to make sure it is hot swappable. If you buy all of your hardware that way, you will save yourself a lot of time, money and frustration. And that just makes it all worthwhile, doesn't it?!

Read More

All about Hard Disk

All about Hard Disk

I don’t know about your computer, but my computer has an enormous amount of “stuff’ on it. Pictures, videos, software, downloads, documents of all kinds…when it goes down I go into a panic attack. Well, you know all of that “stuff” you have on your computer? You know it’s on your computer somewhere, and that somewhere is your hard drive!

The hard drive - which is short for hard disk drive (HDD) - is what stores all that “stuff” I was talking about. You may be thinking, “But what about a floppy disk? What about my CDs? They all hold my data, too”, and you would be right. The hard drive, however, is the most permanent of your computer’s storage methods. When your computer is turned off, all of your data is there, safe on your hard drive.

Without getting too technical (and believe me, I am not going to get technical; hardware makes my brain go numb), the “disk” part of hard disk drive refers to the actual disks inside the hard drive. The disks inside are actually what holds the media. They are located on a spindle, which is rotated by an electric motor, which causes the disks to spin. The faster the motor, the faster they spin; the faster they spin, the faster the data is retrieved. Thus a hard drive and its quality is very important to your computer. Below is cutaway of a hard drive.

So how much does a hard drive really influence your computer? Let’s take a look.

1.Performance.

The hard drive is very important when it comes to overall system performance, especially when it comes to working with large amounts of data, graphics, video editing, multitasking, etc. How fast your computer boots is directly related to hard disk speed.

2.Storage Capacity.

The bigger the hard drive, the more “stuff’ it can hold. Enough said.

3.Newer software support.

With all of the new (bigger, better, more) software coming out today, your hard drive has to be able to handle it; thus the critical quality component I was referring to earlier. 

4.Reliability.

There is absolutely without a doubt nothing worse than a hard drive failing and losing all of your “stuff”. You can replace hardware, but losing everything on your computer has got to make this part of a hard drive’s use the most important of it all.

So there you have it – a very brief summary of what a hard drive is and its importance. I did not go into all of the millions of details of how it is assembled and what goes where because frankly, I am just one of those people who care about the very basics of a computer, and when talking about hard drives and how they are made my eyes glaze over because the only thing I really care about is where my “stuff” is at.

Read More

What is the funny word, "CAPTCHA" ?

What is the funny word, "CAPTCHA" ?

Yes, CAPTCHA is rather odd sounding, but it's something we all have to deal with on the Internet from time to time. CAPTCHA stands for Completely Automated Public Turing [test to tell] Computers and Humans Apart. It's basically a kind of response test used with computers to determine if a user is human or not.

In other words, when you're on certain Web sites, have you ever had to type in a series of letters and numbers in order to continue on? If so, that's a CAPTCHA test! The code is sometimes distorted or it will have a design behind it that makes it a little harder to read. It's something like this:

CAPTCHA tests are usually used on sites that allow you to do your shopping online. Even sites like MySpace and Ticketmaster, among others, use them a lot too.

Now, I know what you're probably thinking. Yes, CAPTCHA tests are sometimes hard to solve, but they are there for our own good. They are mainly used for security, especially on Web sites that require you to enter in your personal information. See, sometimes hackers use what are called bots to attack users. The bots are generated by computers and in reality, computers are unable to solve the CAPTCHA tests. Only humans can type in the right code and continue on, so that really helps in keeping you safe. So, while it's true that these tests can be quite a nuisance, I always feel better when I see them. I know I'm in good hands when I do. I'm sure you'll think differently about them now too.

Read More

What's the Difference Between Flash and Shockwave?

What's the Difference Between Flash and Shockwave?
Flash and Shockwave allow Web sites to deliver the most engaging, compelling and interesting entertainment content on the Web. There are certain Web sites that require either Shockwave or Flash to be installed in order to view their content. For example, many online gambling sites require Shockwave to be able to play free slot games, etc.

As you may be too, I have always been confused about the difference between Flash and Shockwave. I mean, they both:

1.) Are technologies developed by Adobe Systems, formerly Macromedia Inc..

2.) Are plug-ins for Web browsers.

3.) Make use of ActiveX in Web browsers.

4.) Enable Web pages to include multimedia objects, such as graphics, video and animations.

However, when I thoroughly researched both of them, I found quite a few differences. Most of them are minor, but I never knew about them, so I figured we could sort them out together. Let's go!

Adobe Flash
1.) Adobe Flash is widely spread, as many Web sites require Flash to be pre-installed. It allows designers to combine text, graphics, video and sound to create dynamic and immersive applications in a variety of fields, including interactive Web content and games.

2.) Flash loads comparatively faster than Shockwave.

3.) Flash allows designers and developers to integrate video, text, audio and graphics into their interactive presentations.

4.) Flash is also much cheaper than Shockwave.

5.) Flash works in the .SWF Flash format and it is part of the "SIMPLE" Scripting Level.

Adobe Shockwave
1.) Adobe claims that over 200 million Web users have installed the Shockwave player. Some of the features supported by Shockwave are 3D games, product demos and online learning applications.

2.) Shockwave is mostly used for online games and areas that require programming (as opposed to simple video clips or animations). It has the ability to move objects around as well.

3.) Shockwave has a special built in feature where it can integrate Flash into its own format (Flash cannot do that with Shockwave).

4.) Shockwave can only be created using the Adobe Director and it is part of the Advanced Scripting Language. Shockwave requires technical expertise as well.

5.) Shockwave is much more expensive than Flash.

6.) Shockwave works in the .DCR Shockwave format, which is one that is much harder to decode/modify.

There you have it! Now you know all there is to know about Flash and Shockwave. Don't you feel special?!

Read More

What does ASCII mean?

What does ASCII mean?

ASCII is short for "American Standard Code for Information Interchange."

This is what an ASCII chart looks like



ASCII is basically a non-formatted text document that can be read by any application that can read text, unlike say, a Word document. If you have a Word document, you have to open it in MS Word or another program capable of reading Word documents.

Most text files are ASCII text files. They can be opened in any program that's capable of reading a text file. You can open it in Word, Notepad, even in DOS. It really doesn't matter. So, if you're not sure that someone has the ability to open a document that you've been working on, just save it as an ASCII text file.

Read More